Rifaat al-Assad

Rifaat al-Assad was the younger brother of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and served as Vice President. He is most remembered — and condemned — for commanding the military units that carried out the 1982 Hama massacre, in which thousands of civilians were killed. Exiled in 1984 after a failed power grab, he spent decades in Europe and was convicted of money laundering in France. He died at 88 from complications of influenza.